The study said that more than three-quarters of Indian Americans place a high value on their ‘Indian-ness’. Seventy-five per cent of Indian-Americans said that they were “pro-India”, but their attitudes to the Indian government varied sharply with 58 per cent critical of the government to some degree. Only 17 per cent identified themselves as also being “pro-government”, while 35 per cent were critical of some of the government’s policies, and 23 per cent critical of most of the government policies.

According to the survey, 49 per cent of Indian-Americans rated Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s performance favourably, with 35 per cent giving strong approval. But 31 per cent disapproved of his record, with 22 per cent expressing strong disapproval. Evaluating how warmly the survey participants rated Indian organisations and leaders, the study came up with a “mean thermometer rating” based on a scale of favourable attitudes (not percentages) reported.

Modi got 58, the BJP 57, the RashtriyaSwayamsevakSangh 46, and the Congress Party 44; Rahul Gandhi lags at 38. Among Republican Indian-Americans, Modi received a higher “thermometer rating” 71, versus 55 among Democrats, while Gandhi got more warmth from Democrats with a 42 rating but 31 among Republicans, the study said. US President Joe Biden and his Democratic Party get a rating of 64, while Vice President Kamala Harris, who is of Indian-American descent, gets 63.